Etika Perang Yahudi, Islam, dan Hukum Humaniter Internasional dalam Justifikasi Perang Iran-Israel-Amerika Serikat 2026
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55935/thilo.v8i1.369Kata Kunci:
etika perang, milhemet mitzvah, jihad, hukum humaniter internasional, konflik Iran-Israel-AS 2026, jus ad bellum, jus in belloAbstrak
Konflik Iran-Israel-Amerika Serikat 2026 menghadirkan fenomena: justifikasi resmi ketiga negara bersandar pada hukum internasional sekuler, namun wacana publik diwarnai kosakata teologis dari tradisi Yahudi dan Islam — referensi Amalek, deklarasi jihad, pembingkaian eskatologis. Kajian ini menguji apakah kategori etika perang religius klasik masih memiliki daya operasional sebagai kerangka legitimasi, atau telah tereduksi menjadi instrumen retoris. Melalui analisis komparatif atas doktrin milhemet mitzvah dan milhamot reshut dalam tradisi Yahudi, distingsi jihad defensif dan ofensif dalam tradisi Sunni dan Syiah, serta perbandingannya dengan Hukum Humaniter Internasional, kajian ini berargumen bahwa kategori ad bellum religius klasik telah mengalami pembekuan institusional yang mendahului modernitas. Akibatnya, penggunaan kosakata teologis dalam konflik 2026 beroperasi pada dimensi retoris, bukan normatif. Sebaliknya, prinsip-prinsip in bello dari kedua tradisi (perlindungan non-kombatan, proporsionalitas, larangan kehancuran berlebihan) berkonvergensi dengan kerangka HHI dan masih menyediakan standar evaluatif yang bermakna. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kekosongan doktrin dalam menghadapi senjata dengan kapasitas destruktif indiskriminan mencerminkan batas struktural yang melampaui perbedaan antara tradisi keagamaan dan hukum internasional modern.
Unduhan
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Andreas Christopher Saragih
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